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Data Structures & Algorithms Interview Questions & Answers

Arrays, linked lists, trees, graphs, dynamic programming, and Big-O runtime analysis.

Medium 5 views

How can you find two indices whose values sum to a target in one pass?

Keep a map from previously seen values to their indices. For each element, check whether its complement, target minus current value, has already appeared. Check before inserting so the same element ca...

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Medium 5 views

When does breadth-first search find a shortest path, and when is it the wrong choice?

Breadth-first search explores vertices by edge distance and finds shortest paths in an unweighted graph, or when every edge has the same cost. Mark vertices when enqueuing to avoid repeated work and r...

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Medium 3 views

How would you implement an LRU cache with expected constant-time get and put operations?

Combine a hash map from keys to nodes with a doubly linked list ordered by recent use. On a hit, move the node to the most-recent end; on an update, change its value and move it. On insertion at capac...

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Medium 2 views

Implement binary search that returns an index or -1 in a sorted ascending array. What are its assumptions?

Maintain a search interval and discard the half that cannot contain the target after each comparison. The input must be sorted according to the same comparison rule used by the search. The example ret...

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