Intermediate
4 views
Process vs Thread: Process: Independent execution unit with its own dedicated virtual address space, file descriptors, and security context. Inter-process communication (IPC) requires sockets, pipes, ...
Medium
4 views
When runnable threads exceed useful CPU capacity, scheduling, context switching, cache disruption, and lock contention can outweigh any parallelism benefit. Shared data may also cause cache-coherence ...
Intermediate
3 views
TCP 3-Way Handshake (Connection Establishment): SYN: Client sends SYN=1 and an initial sequence number $ISN_c$ to the server. (Client enters SYN_SENT ). SYN-ACK: Server acknowledges by sending ACK = I...
Beginner
3 views
Virtual Machines (VMs): Run on top of a Hypervisor (Type 1 bare-metal or Type 2 hosted). Each VM includes a complete guest operating system, virtual kernel, virtual drivers, and virtual hardware alloc...
Intermediate
3 views
When a user requests https://freshershome.com , the DNS resolution follows this hierarchical sequence: Browser DNS Cache: Checks local browser cache for a recent TTL record. OS Resolver & Hosts File: ...
Easy
3 views
Virtual memory gives processes their own address spaces and maps virtual addresses to physical memory or other backing storage through operating-system and hardware mechanisms. It supports isolation, ...
Medium
3 views
TCP provides an ordered, reliable byte stream between endpoints while the connection is viable; it does not define user identity, messages, or login state. An application session represents higher-lev...
Beginner
2 views
Git Merge: Combines changes by creating a new 3-way merge commit connecting the two branches. Pros: Non-destructive. Preserves complete, truthful historical record and exact chronological order of com...
Intermediate
2 views
Docker is a platform and runtime for creating, packaging, and running applications inside isolated lightweight containers that share the host OS kernel. Kubernetes (K8s) is an open-source container or...
Intermediate
2 views
Inodes (Index Nodes): In Linux filesystems (ext4, XFS), an inode is a data structure storing metadata about a file (file size, permissions, owner, timestamps, block pointers), excluding the file's fil...
Easy
2 views
A process is an execution environment with its own virtual address space and operating-system resources. Threads within a process share that address space and many resources while maintaining their ow...
Medium
2 views
The classic necessary conditions are mutual exclusion, hold-and-wait, no preemption, and circular wait. A program can reduce deadlock risk by breaking a condition, for example acquiring multiple locks...
Medium
2 views
Confirm the resolved address and port, then test reachability from the affected client environment. Inspect routing, security groups or firewall rules, service binding, load-balancer health, and wheth...