Intermediate
62 views
TCP 3-Way Handshake (Connection Establishment): SYN: Client sends SYN=1 and an initial sequence number $ISN_c$ to the server. (Client enters SYN_SENT ). SYN-ACK: Server acknowledges by sending ACK = I...
Intermediate
58 views
Docker is a platform and runtime for creating, packaging, and running applications inside isolated lightweight containers that share the host OS kernel. Kubernetes (K8s) is an open-source container or...
Easy
58 views
Virtual memory gives processes their own address spaces and maps virtual addresses to physical memory or other backing storage through operating-system and hardware mechanisms. It supports isolation, ...
Easy
57 views
A process is an execution environment with its own virtual address space and operating-system resources. Threads within a process share that address space and many resources while maintaining their ow...
Intermediate
56 views
When a user requests https://freshershome.com , the DNS resolution follows this hierarchical sequence: Browser DNS Cache: Checks local browser cache for a recent TTL record. OS Resolver & Hosts File: ...
Medium
55 views
The classic necessary conditions are mutual exclusion, hold-and-wait, no preemption, and circular wait. A program can reduce deadlock risk by breaking a condition, for example acquiring multiple locks...
Medium
52 views
TCP provides an ordered, reliable byte stream between endpoints while the connection is viable; it does not define user identity, messages, or login state. An application session represents higher-lev...
Beginner
50 views
Git Merge: Combines changes by creating a new 3-way merge commit connecting the two branches. Pros: Non-destructive. Preserves complete, truthful historical record and exact chronological order of com...
Intermediate
49 views
Inodes (Index Nodes): In Linux filesystems (ext4, XFS), an inode is a data structure storing metadata about a file (file size, permissions, owner, timestamps, block pointers), excluding the file's fil...
Intermediate
48 views
Process vs Thread: Process: Independent execution unit with its own dedicated virtual address space, file descriptors, and security context. Inter-process communication (IPC) requires sockets, pipes, ...
Medium
48 views
Confirm the resolved address and port, then test reachability from the affected client environment. Inspect routing, security groups or firewall rules, service binding, load-balancer health, and wheth...
Medium
46 views
When runnable threads exceed useful CPU capacity, scheduling, context switching, cache disruption, and lock contention can outweigh any parallelism benefit. Shared data may also cause cache-coherence ...
Beginner
45 views
Virtual Machines (VMs): Run on top of a Hypervisor (Type 1 bare-metal or Type 2 hosted). Each VM includes a complete guest operating system, virtual kernel, virtual drivers, and virtual hardware alloc...