Logical Reasoning - Deductions & Relations Practice Test & MCQs

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Pointing to a photograph, a woman says: "He is the only son of the father of my brother." How is the person in the photograph related to the woman?

Worked Solution & Logic

Father of my brother is my father. The only son of my father is my brother. Thus, the person in the photograph is her brother.

Statements: (1) All mangoes are golden. (2) No golden things are cheap. Conclusions: (I) All mangoes are cheap. (II) Golden things are not mangoes.

Worked Solution & Logic

Since all mangoes are golden and no golden things are cheap, it follows that no mangoes are cheap (so I is false). For II, since all mangoes are golden, some golden things are definitely mangoes (so II is false). Neither follows.

All inte s in a team are trained. At least one inte belongs to the team. Which conclusion must follow?

Worked Solution & Logic

The explicitly stated existence of an inte gives at least one person who is both an inte and trained. The premise does not reverse the inclusion: trained members may also hold other roles. It also does not identify every team member as an inte .

No confidential file is public. Every file in folder X is confidential. Which statement must be true?

Worked Solution & Logic

Every file in X falls within the confidential category

Maya and Nikhil are full siblings. Nikhil is the father of Tara. How is Maya related to Tara?

Worked Solution & Logic

Maya is the sister of Tara’s father

Every person who passes test P is eligible for course C. Arjun is not eligible for C. What follows?

Worked Solution & Logic

The rule is pass P implies eligibility for C. Its contrapositive is not eligible for C implies did not pass P

Some analysts are programmers. No programmer is a manager. Which conclusion must follow?

Worked Solution & Logic

The analysts who are explicitly said to be programmers cannot be managers

All poets are readers. Some artists are readers. Which claim about poets and artists is logically required?

Worked Solution & Logic

The premises place poets within readers and place some artists within readers. Sharing a larger category does not establish whether the two smaller categories overlap. The artists who read could include poets or exclude them entirely without contradicting either premise.

Ravi is the father of Meera. Meera is the mother of Kiran. How is Ravi related to Kiran?

Worked Solution & Logic

Ravi is the father of Kiran’s mother

Anita’s mother and Dev’s mother are full sisters. The families have no additional relationships. How are Anita and Dev related?

Worked Solution & Logic

Children of two siblings are first cousins. Here the mothers are full sisters

A rule states: “If an invoice is approved and funded, it will be paid today.” Invoice X was not paid today. What must follow?

Worked Solution & Logic

By contrapositive reasoning (modus tollens), not paid implies not (approved and funded), which means at least one requirement failed: not approved, not funded, or neither.

Exactly one of A, B, and C is selected. If A is selected, B is selected. If B is not selected, C is not selected. Who is selected?

Worked Solution & Logic

If A were selected, B would also be selected (violating “exactly one”). If B were not selected, C could not be selected, leaving zero selected. Hence, B must be selected.

All certified workers are trained. Some trained workers are not certified. Which additional statement would guarantee that at least one certified worker exists?

Worked Solution & Logic

A universal inclusion does not itself establish that its smaller category has members. The existing existential statement conce s trained workers outside certification. Explicitly stating that some workers are certified supplies the missing existence claim; the other options remain compatible with there being no certified workers.

Exactly two of P, Q, and R are true. P says “Q is false.” Q says “R is true.” R says “P is false.” Which statements are true?

Worked Solution & Logic

If Q and R are true and P is false, then Q (“R is true”) is true, R (“P is false”) is true, and P (“Q is false”) is false. This assignment satisfies all constraints.

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Logical Reasoning - Deductions & Relations

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